Darling & Wilson, PC

Can a business partner sell property without your consent?

2026-09-30T08:41:29Z

If your business partner tries to sell commercial property without your approval, you may have immediate legal concerns. Whether a partner has authority to transfer the property depends on how title is held, who owns it and what the governing agreements provide.

Who holds title to the property?

The deed and title records are the starting point for ownership. You and your partner may own the property personally, the partnership may hold title, or a separate entity such as an LLC may own it. Being a partner does not always mean you personally own the real estate. If a partnership owns the property, California law also considers a partner's authority to act for the partnership and whether the transaction falls within the ordinary course of business.

Can one partner transfer property alone?

No single rule applies to every business partnership. A partner's authority can depend on the nature of the transaction, the partnership's business and the governing agreement. An LLC or corporation may have different rules. California law allows a partnership to identify partners authorized to transfer real property through a recorded statement of partnership authority. California partnership law addresses this authority.

What remedies exist if a sale is pending?

Timing matters when a transaction is already underway. In some circumstances, a party may seek an injunction to prevent a transfer. Partition may also be available when individual co-owners hold qualifying interests. Different rules apply when a partnership or LLC owns the property.

Steps to protect your ownership interest

If you learn that a partner may be trying to sell the property, take these steps:

Check the deed and title records to confirm who owns the property
Review the partnership or operating agreement for transfer restrictions
Look for any recorded statement of partnership authority
Preserve emails, messages and other communications about the sale
Note any buyer or closing information if a transaction is underway

Prompt legal advice may help protect your rights if a closing date is already set.

Obtain legal guidance before closing

A partner's ability to sell depends on ownership, title and authority, not simply the business relationship. A California business attorney can review the documents, assess what authority may exist and advise you about potential remedies if a partner is attempting an unauthorized sale.

Can a handwritten will be valid in California?

2026-09-09T12:07:21Z

You do not need a lawyer or a fancy form to write a will in California. A handwritten note can count as a legal will if it meets specific rules. This matters when you write your final wishes at home without witnesses or a standard estate planning document. California calls these documents “holographic wills.” The law allows them, but only if certain conditions are met. If you rely on a handwritten will, you should know what makes it valid and what can go wrong.

What makes a handwritten will valid in California?

California recognizes holographic wills under Probate Code §6111. The key requirements focus on handwriting, signature and intent. A date is not required for validity, though it can help if someone finds more than one will or questions which document is the latest. For a handwritten will to work, you must meet these conditions:

Write the important terms that give away your property in your own handwriting.
Sign the document.
Show through your writing that you intend this paper to act as your will and control what happens after your death.
Skip witness signatures, since you do not need them if the document qualifies as a holographic will.

If you meet these rules, a court can treat your handwritten note as a valid will. Unclear language or missing details can still cause fights among your heirs, so precision matters.

What happens if someone challenges a handwritten will?

Family members or other interested parties can challenge your handwritten will during probate. They may argue you did not intend the note to be a will, that the handwriting is not yours or that the instructions about your property are too vague. In this case, having legal assistance can help you review your handwritten will, spot weak spots and suggest changes that make your wishes harder to challenge. Other documents can also change how your estate gets distributed. A newer will, a trust or beneficiary designations on accounts and insurance policies can override what your handwritten will says.

Protecting your wishes before problems start

A handwritten will can work in California, but it does not guarantee your estate will pass exactly as you hope. Clear wording and careful execution reduce the chance of disputes later. You can use a holographic will as a temporary step, but a properly drafted will or trust gives you the best chance to keep your wishes intact and spare your family extra legal headaches.

What happens to a car when the owner dies in California?

2026-09-07T10:22:07Z

When a loved one dies, families often face practical questions, including what happens to the car. They may wonder who owns it and how to transfer it. In California, the answer depends on the title and estate process.

How the vehicle title determines what happens next

The title identifies the vehicle's owner and whether another person has a legal interest in it. A vehicle may belong solely to the deceased, have a surviving co-owner or name a transfer-on-death beneficiary. When there is a surviving co-owner, the transfer process depends partly on how the names appear on the title. Certain forms of joint ownership allow the surviving co-owner to receive full title without the vehicle becoming part of the deceased person's estate.

When the vehicle belongs to the estate

If the deceased owned the vehicle alone, the personal representative may need to include it in estate administration. Depending on the circumstances, the representative may need authority to transfer or sell the vehicle. California law also provides a simplified process for transferring some vehicles without probate. Generally, at least 40 days must have passed since the owner's death and the estate must meet applicable small-estate requirements. The qualifying heir must provide required documents, which may include the title, death certificate and transfer forms.

Trusts and vehicle loans

A vehicle titled in the name of a living trust generally passes through trust administration rather than probate. The successor trustee handles the vehicle according to the trust's terms. A financed vehicle requires additional attention. An outstanding loan or lien does not disappear when the owner dies. The estate or person receiving the vehicle may need to work with the lender to address the remaining balance and lien before completing the transfer.

What family members should do

Before driving, selling or transferring the vehicle, family members should:

Review the title for the registered owner and any co-owner
Check for a transfer-on-death beneficiary designation
Determine whether the vehicle is titled in a trust
Confirm whether a loan or lien remains
Gather required documents, including the title and certified death certificate

Taking the right first step after the owner's death

Vehicle ownership may feel like a secondary concern after a loved one's death, but California has specific procedures for transferring a vehicle. Reviewing the title and estate documents before taking action can help families determine who has the right to the vehicle and what steps to take next.

What happens to a safe deposit box after death in California?

2026-08-24T17:25:57Z

A safe deposit box may hold a will, trust papers or instructions for final arrangements. After a loved one dies, family members may wonder who can open the box and what they can take. Under California law, a limited process allows access before a personal representative takes control of the estate.

Who can access the box?

A person who has the key but does not share the box as a co-renter cannot simply open the box and remove its contents. The financial institution must follow California law before allowing access. Under the law, any person who possesses a key to the safe deposit box may obtain limited access by providing proof of the renter’s death and reasonable proof of identity. The law does not limit access to a surviving spouse, domestic partner, adult child, parent, adult sibling or person named as an executor or trustee. A key holder who meets the requirements may inspect the box before a personal representative takes control of the estate. The financial institution oversees the access and records the inspection. These safeguards help protect the contents while the estate moves forward.

What can someone remove?

A qualifying key holder may inspect the box and prepare an inventory. The person may remove only certain documents:

Written instructions for the disposition of the decedent's remains
An original will
A trust instrument after the financial institution makes a copy of its records

The person cannot remove other property during this inspection. Documents that identify or describe the deceased person’s property must remain in the box until an authorized personal representative takes control. If someone finds an original will, that person must deliver it to the appropriate California court. Finding a will does not give the finder the right to distribute the estate or keep the document.

How a personal representative handles box contents

After the court grants authority, the personal representative can take control of the remaining contents and manage them as part of the estate. The personal representative can identify the contents, protect valuable items and determine how the estate should distribute those assets under the estate plan or California law. California's safe deposit box rules create a limited process for retrieving critical documents before a personal representative takes control. Knowing who can access the box, what proof the financial institution requires and which items a key holder may remove can help families avoid mistakes. When the box contains a will, delivering the original to the appropriate California court can help move the probate process forward.

Do you need a trust, a will or both?

2026-08-09T18:59:15Z

Estate planning can help you protect your family, manage your property and make important decisions about your future. If you live in Bakersfield or Delano, you may wonder whether you need a will, a trust or both. The right choice depends on your assets, family circumstances and goals.

What does a will do?

A will allows you to explain how you want certain property distributed after your death. It can also name an executor to handle your estate and designate a guardian for minor children.

A will can help you:

Name beneficiaries for assets that pass through your estate
Nominate a guardian for minor children
Identify an executor for your estate
Provide instructions for personal property

However, a will generally does not avoid probate. If your assets must pass through probate, the court oversees the process of administering your estate and distributing qualifying property.

What does a trust do?

A trust allows you to place assets under the management of a trustee for designated beneficiaries. A revocable living trust is a common estate planning tool because it can help certain assets pass to beneficiaries without going through probate.

A trust may also help you:

Manage assets if you become incapacitated
Provide for beneficiaries over time
Maintain greater privacy than a probate proceeding
Establish instructions for managing certain property

Creating a trust, however, is only part of the process. You generally need to properly transfer appropriate assets into the trust for it to accomplish its intended purpose.

Should you have both?

For many California families, a comprehensive estate plan includes both a trust and a will because the documents serve different purposes.

For example, a trust may hold assets you want managed or distributed according to specific instructions, while a "pour-over" will can address assets that remain outside the trust when you die. A will can also nominate guardians for minor children.

The right approach may depend on factors such as:

The value and type of your assets
Whether you own real estate
Your family structure
Whether you have minor children
Your goals for managing and distributing your property

Create a plan that fits your family

There is no one-size-fits-all estate plan. A properly prepared plan can give you greater control over your property and provide clearer instructions for your loved ones.

If you live in Bakersfield, Delano or the surrounding area, an experienced California estate planning attorney can review your circumstances and explain whether a will, trust or combination of both makes sense for you. Taking the time to create an estate plan now can help reduce uncertainty for your family later.

Found a bank account after closing an estate?

2026-07-28T10:20:49Z

The probate case is closed and your family has received the estate property. Then an old bank statement arrives showing an account no one knew existed. The discovery raises an immediate question: Does the estate process have to begin again? The answer depends in part on how your loved one held the account and whether the court addressed it before closing the estate.

The account title can determine where the money goes

How your loved one held the account can affect whether it belongs to the probate estate. A newly found account may:

Pass to a surviving joint owner
Transfer to a payable-on-death beneficiary
Become an asset of the probate estate

If your loved one owned the account alone and named no beneficiary, the bank may require proof of legal authority before releasing the funds.

A newly found account may require further administration

State law provides a process for handling property found after the court has discharged the personal representative. Depending on the circumstances, the court may appoint the former personal representative or another qualified person to administer the newly discovered account. Your family will not necessarily repeat the entire probate case. The funds may pass under your loved one’s will or, if no valid will controls the asset, California intestate succession law.

A closed estate does not make a new asset ownerless

Finding a bank account after probate does not undo the work already completed. Instead, the question becomes where the account fits within the estate and who has authority to collect the funds. The final probate records may help connect the newly found asset to the earlier administration. Comparing those records with the account information can show what remains unresolved and whether another estate procedure may be necessary.

What are the legal options when a business partner is dishonest?

2026-07-13T16:17:11Z

Years of business growth can be placed at risk when a partner is dishonest. This dishonesty often appears in ways that seem small at first. A partner may hide financial records, divert company funds, enter into side deals or make decisions for personal gain – all of which ultimately hurt the partnership. In many California companies, such conduct may violate both the governing agreement and the fiduciary duties owed to the company and the other owners. State law gives clear remedies, but the effective outcome often depends on prompt action and carefully gathered proof.

Legal options available in California

Business owners have several strong legal paths to take when a partner engages in misconduct:

Civil litigation: A wronged partner can sue for breach of fiduciary duty or fraud. California courts support these claims and may award both actual and punitive damages.
Mediation or arbitration: In mediation, a third party (neutral) can help the partners negotiate a voluntary settlement. In arbitration, a neutral arbitrator hears the evidence and issues a decision, which may be binding under the agreement and applicable law.
Partnership dissolution: When the bond is beyond repair, dissolving the business under the California Corporations Code protects assets and stops further harm.

Each path carries its own timeline, cost and outcome. The degree of wrongdoing, the terms of the partnership deal and the financial impact often shape which option makes the most sense.

Documentation to protect business interests

When a partner may be acting dishonestly, internal documents often reveal the pattern before anyone admits it. The key is not just to gather these files, but to review them for warning signs. Be sure to inspect:

Financial statements: For unexplained expenses, a sudden drop in profits or transactions that do not match company records.
Bank records: For transfers to unfamiliar accounts, withdrawals without clear reason or payments made outside regular approval procedures.
Communication records: Emails and text messages for evidence of promises that were never kept.
Partnership agreements: Signed contracts and amendments to identify whether the partner acted outside their authority for personal gain.

Keeping copies organized by date can make it easier to identify patterns and preserve evidence. Taking swift legal action can also help protect the organization, its assets and its future.

3 common mistakes executors make during estate administration

2026-07-02T02:21:03Z

Most people do not choose professional estate executors. They choose spouses, adult children, other relatives or trusted friends who suddenly find themselves responsible for managing an estate and fulfilling duties they may know little about. The role often involves much more than gathering assets and distributing inheritances. Executors are expected to comply with probate requirements, safeguard estate property and make informed decisions that can influence the administration process from beginning to end. Knowing where executors commonly run into trouble can help prevent issues that complicate the administration of an estate.

1. Treating estate assets like personal property

One of the most serious mistakes an executor can make is failing to separate estate assets from personal finances. Using estate funds for personal expenses, borrowing from estate accounts or making undocumented transactions can lead to disputes and allegations of misconduct. Executors have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the estate and must maintain clear financial records throughout the administration process.

2. Distributing assets too early

Beneficiaries are often eager to receive their inheritances, and executors may feel pressure to move quickly. However, distributing assets before debts, taxes and other obligations have been properly addressed can create significant problems. California law generally requires estates to satisfy valid creditor claims and administrative expenses before final distributions occur. If assets are distributed prematurely, there could be challenges recovering funds or even become personally responsible.

3. Failing to communicate with beneficiaries

Many estate disputes begin with a lack of communication rather than actual wrongdoing. Beneficiaries who feel ignored or uninformed are more likely to question an executor's decisions. Providing timely updates, responding to reasonable inquiries and maintaining transparency can help reduce misunderstandings and prevent unnecessary conflict. If you've been named executor, the weight of that responsibility is real, but so is the support available to you. Reaching out for early legal guidance can help make the process more manageable and reduce the risk of costly mistakes that could lead to unnecessary delays or expose you to personal liability.

Can trustees sell major assets without informing beneficiaries?

2026-06-12T12:31:52Z

Beneficiaries of a trust may sometimes enjoy access to and use of trust property. Other times, they may receive funds distributed by the trustee after the sale of trust resources. A trustee generally has a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of trust beneficiaries. Typically, they should comply with all relevant laws and the instructions included in the trust documents. They also need to make a reasonable effort to maintain or even increase the value of trust assets. Selling trust property for well below the fair market value of those assets could deprive beneficiaries of the full value of the trust. Should beneficiaries receive notice in advance before major sale transactions that could affect the duration or value of trust distributions?

Advance notice is typically necessary

Trustees must make regular financial disclosures to beneficiaries. They should provide an annual accounting that explains any fluctuations in the value of trust resources and any major distributions or sales that occurred. In scenarios where they intend to liquidate major assets, ranging from real property and investments to businesses, they typically need to provide advanced notice to beneficiaries. Doing so gives the beneficiaries the potential opportunity to acquire those resources personally. They also theoretically have the option of contesting the sale and questioning the necessity of the transaction or the value set for the assets. The courts can potentially intervene to prevent a sale that deprives beneficiaries of the full value of the trust. People could also seek the removal of a trustee in cases where they mishandled key resources. Reviewing all financial disclosures during trust administration with a skilled legal team can help beneficiaries recognize when they need to take legal action. When a trustee undervalues assets or conducts sales without making appropriate disclosures first, beneficiaries may have grounds to take legal action.

Why should you address property carefully in an estate plan?

2026-06-04T10:15:19Z

One of the most important goals of estate planning is making sure that your loved ones can effectively manage your assets when you die. This includes everything you own, such as homes, vehicles, land, bank accounts, family heirlooms and business interests. Crafting a plan for these assets can take a lot of thought. Your estate plan should identify the property that needs to be designated. Clear direction about what do with it after your death should be included. There are multiple ways to do this, but most people handle it through a will, trust and/or beneficiary designation.

Planning for specific assets

How any type of property is addressed in an estate plan must be considered carefully. For example, real estate is titled property, so the ownership structure can have a direct impact on the transfer. If multiple people are inheriting the same property, there might be disagreements, which is something you should consider before setting up your estate plan. Financial accounts aren’t typically included in a typical estate plan. Instead, they’re often governed by a payable on death designation, which is known as a Totten trust. This is handled by completing a form at the financial institution at issue. When you die, the beneficiary will need a copy of your death certificate and photo identification to gain access to your accounts. Personal property is another type of asset that you should carefully consider. This includes setting a plan for things your family may fight over, such as the collection of handcrafted angel ornaments, even if they may not seem like much to outsiders. A comprehensive estate plan can help to provide a clear path for your loved ones after you die. Working with someone who’s familiar with your estate and wishes can be beneficial so that you can be assured that everything is in order after you pass away.